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	<title>Bogdan Turcanu &#187; freebsd</title>
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	<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro</link>
	<description>Bogdan Turcanu</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 19:57:26 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Live streaming</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/live-streaming/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/live-streaming/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:25:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[axis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[live streaming]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[În acest week-end s-a desfășurat Supercupa OMNIA 2011 la minifotbal pe terenul Salii de sport din Ipotesti Suceava, eveniment organizat de Club Omnia Sport, Netcom Activ si Arond. Pentru ca evenimentul să poate fi văzut și de cei care nu pot ajunge în locația în care  se desfășoară, s-a ales soluția de transmitere în direct [...]]]></description>
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<p>În acest week-end s-a desfășurat <a title="Supercupa OMNIA 2011" href="http://www.clubomniasport.ro/sectiune/supercupa-omnia-2011/" target="_blank">Supercupa OMNIA 2011</a> la minifotbal pe terenul Salii de sport din Ipotesti Suceava, eveniment organizat de <a title="Club Omnia Sport" href="http://www.clubomniasport.ro/sectiune/supercupa-omnia-2011/" target="_blank">Club Omnia Sport</a>, <a title="Netcom Activ - telecomunicatii Suceava" href="http://www.netcom-activ.ro" target="_blank">Netcom Activ</a> si <a title="Arond - Sign Factory" href="http://www.aronds.ro" target="_blank">Arond</a>.<br />
Pentru ca evenimentul să poate fi văzut și de cei care nu pot ajunge în locația în care  se desfășoară, s-a ales soluția de transmitere în direct a competiției pe internet, pe site-ul clubului.<br />
În faza de testare am încercat cu o camera Mobotix M12D, dar datorită faptului că îmi furniza doar imagini JPEG am mers pe soluția AXIS.<br />
<a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/axis-233d-streaming-live-omniasport.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-3054 alignright" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px; margin: 10px;" title="axis-233d-streaming-live-omniasport" src="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/axis-233d-streaming-live-omniasport-150x150.jpg" alt="Axis 233D streaming" width="150" height="150" /></a>Astfel, am folosit o camera IP Axis 233D in carcasa de exterior (T95A &#8211; carcasa termostata). Ca și specificații tehnice ale acestui echipament avem:</p>
<ul>
<li>Sezor: ¼” ExView HAD Progressive scan CCD</li>
<li>Lentila: 3.4 – 119 mm, F1.4 – 4.2, autofocus, automatic day/night, horizontal angle of view: 1.73° &#8211; 55.8°</li>
<li>Compresie video: MPEG-4 Part 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-2), Motion JPEG</li>
<li>Rezolutie: NTSC: 704&#215;480 &#8211; 176&#215;120, PAL: 704&#215;576 &#8211; 176&#215;144</li>
</ul>
<div>Mai multe detalii despre acest echipament gasiti pe site-ul producatorului: <a title="Axis" href="http://www.axis.com" target="_blank">http://www.axis.com</a>.</div>
<div>Camera nu dispune de microfon, dar are intreare pentru microfon extern sau o altă sursă de semnal audio.<br />
Pentru realizarea transmisiei pe internet am conectat această cameră direct la conexiunea oferita de ISP-ul local din Ipotesti Suceava, setând manual informațiile referitoare la conexiune (adresa IP, netmask, default gateway).  Nu am folosit o sursă externă de semnal audio, s-a transmis doar video.</div>
<div>Pentru vizualizarea imaginilor de catre vizitatorii site-ului, am ales solutia de a folosi plugin-ul <strong>JW Player Plugin for WordPress</strong>, datorită faptului că site-ul <a title="Club Omnia Sport Suceava" href="http://www.clubomniasport.ro" target="_blank">http://www.clubomniasport.ro</a> se bazeaza pe WordPress. Acest player poate fi însă folosit pe orice site, chiar dacă nu folosiți WordPress. Puteți să îl descărcați și să găsiți toate informațiile necesare pe <a title="Jwplayer" href="http://www.longtailvideo.com/players/jw-flv-player/" target="_blank">site-ul oficial</a>.<br />
Revenind la setarea plugin-ului, am definit un nou player din meniul de administrare al plugin-ului, player cu caracteristicile: înălțime 500, lătime 576, autostart true, controlbar buttom, skin default, mute true. Pe pagina dedicată am inserat acest player, care reda fișierul .flv disponibil la adresa http://86.107.127.129:8080/stream.flv.</div>
<div>Probabil vă întrebați care este legătura între fișierul respectiv și imaginile obținute de la camera AXIS 233D montată în sala de sport. Pai, pe serverul cu IP-ul 86.107.128.129 rulează <a title="VideoLAN" href="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/" target="_blank">VideoLAN <strong>vlc</strong></a> sub freeBSD care îmi transformă flux-ul video MPEG-4 de la camera video în fișier flv care poate fi redat de către player-ul de pe site.<br />
Pentru a face acest lucru, după ce am instalat vlc, l-am executat cu următoarea comandă:</div>
<div>
<pre>vlc-wrapper rtsp://user_camera:parola_camera@adresa_ip_camera/mpeg4/media.amp --sout '#transcode{vcodec=FLV1,vb=4500,ab=32,fps=30,acodec=none} :standard{acce
ss=http{mime=video/x-flv},mux=ffmpeg{mux=flv},dst=86.107.127.129:8080/stream.flv}'</pre>
</div>
<p>Clienții care accesau site-ul pentru a vedea live meciurile turneului foloseau lățimea de bandă a serverul pe care rula vlc, nu accesau direct camera.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/stream.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3069" title="stream_to_website_axis233d" src="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/stream.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="375" /></a></p>
<p>Am ales această soluție pentru a economisi lățimea de bandă folosită de camera Axis în rețeaua ISP-ului local din Ipotești, Suceava și pentru a evita blocarea acesteia în cazul unei accesări numeroase.</p>
<p>Fiecare client care accesa site-ul pentru a vedea în direct imagini de la turneul Supercupa OMNIA 2011 folosea circa 512kbps.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/viteza_stream_video.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-3065 aligncenter" title="viteza_stream_video" src="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/viteza_stream_video.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="200" /></a></p>
<p>Graficul de mai sus este realizat cu <a title="Netlimiter" href="http://www.netlimiter.com/" target="_blank">netlimiter </a>sub Windows 7.<br />
În cursul primei zi a competiției, graficul cu traficul pe interfața publică a serverului arata în felul următor:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/upload_server_streaming.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-3068 aligncenter" title="upload_server_streaming" src="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/upload_server_streaming.jpg" alt="" width="583" height="230" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> De reținut că în mod normal upload-ul este de maxim 2Mbps.</p>
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		<title>Comparație performanțe hard-disc-uri</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/comparatie-performante-hard-disc-uri/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/comparatie-performante-hard-disc-uri/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Dec 2011 17:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[benchmark]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diskinfo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hard-disc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[performante]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/?p=2984</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Că tot veni vorba despre hard-disc-uri, am zis să testez performanțele a două modele de disc-uri pe care le am instalate. 1. Hard disc Western Digital Caviar SE16 WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0, capacitate 250GB, interfață SATA 2, 16MB cache,  7200 rot/min: /dev/ad6 512 # sectorsize 250059350016 # mediasize in bytes (233G) 488397168 # mediasize in sectors 0 [...]]]></description>
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<p>Că <a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/de-ce-este-utila-redundata-datelor/">tot veni vorba despre hard-disc-uri</a>, am zis să testez performanțele a două modele de disc-uri pe care le am instalate.</p>
<p><strong><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-2988" title="wdlogo" src="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/wdlogo.jpg" alt="" width="202" height="112" />1. Hard disc Western Digital Caviar SE16 WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0, capacitate 250GB, interfață SATA 2, 16MB cache,  7200 rot/min:</strong></p>
<pre>/dev/ad6
        512             # sectorsize
        250059350016    # mediasize in bytes (233G)
        488397168       # mediasize in sectors
        0               # stripesize
        0               # stripeoffset
        484521          # Cylinders according to firmware.
        16              # Heads according to firmware.
        63              # Sectors according to firmware.
        WD-WCANKM102446 # Disk ident.

Seek times:
        Full stroke:      250 iter in   5.490501 sec =   21.962 msec
        Half stroke:      250 iter in   3.848383 sec =   15.394 msec
        Quarter stroke:   500 iter in   6.176014 sec =   12.352 msec
        Short forward:    400 iter in   3.174012 sec =    7.935 msec
        Short backward:   400 iter in   2.689331 sec =    6.723 msec
        Seq outer:       2048 iter in   0.281978 sec =    0.138 msec
        Seq inner:       2048 iter in   0.323706 sec =    0.158 msec
Transfer rates:
        outside:       102400 kbytes in   1.638855 sec =    62483 kbytes/sec
        middle:        102400 kbytes in   1.779411 sec =    57547 kbytes/sec
        inside:        102400 kbytes in   5.445201 sec =    18806 kbytes/sec</pre>
<p><strong><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-2992" title="samsunglogo" src="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/samsunglogo.jpg" alt="" width="192" height="119" />2. Hard disc Samsung Spinpoint F3 HD103SJ, capacitate 1TB, interfață SATA 2, 32 MB cache, 7200 rot/min:</strong></p>
<pre>/dev/ad8
        512             # sectorsize
        1000204886016   # mediasize in bytes (932G)
        1953525168      # mediasize in sectors
        0               # stripesize
        0               # stripeoffset
        1938021         # Cylinders according to firmware.
        16              # Heads according to firmware.
        63              # Sectors according to firmware.
        S246J9FZA11635  # Disk ident.

Seek times:
        Full stroke:      250 iter in   5.312748 sec =   21.251 msec
        Half stroke:      250 iter in   3.956796 sec =   15.827 msec
        Quarter stroke:   500 iter in   6.356040 sec =   12.712 msec
        Short forward:    400 iter in   1.277600 sec =    3.194 msec
        Short backward:   400 iter in   3.274887 sec =    8.187 msec
        Seq outer:       2048 iter in   0.126205 sec =    0.062 msec
        Seq inner:       2048 iter in   0.127727 sec =    0.062 msec
Transfer rates:
        outside:       102400 kbytes in   0.756000 sec =   135450 kbytes/sec
        middle:        102400 kbytes in   0.843101 sec =   121456 kbytes/sec
        inside:        102400 kbytes in   1.298209 sec =    78878 kbytes/sec</pre>
<p>Se observă ușor diferențele de viteze între cele două modele. Câștigător iese Samsung Spinpoint.<br />
Testele au fost făcute pe o mașina care rulează FreeBSD 8.1-STABLE amd64 pe hardware-ul placa de baza MSI 880GM-E41,<br />
socket AM3, Procesor AMD Athlon II X4 640 Quad Core, 3000MHz, socket AM3, 8GB RAM (4 x 2048 MB), DDR3, 1333MHz, ValueRam).<br />
S-a folosit comanda: <strong>diskinfo</strong>.
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		<title>De ce este utilă redundața datelor</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/de-ce-este-utila-redundata-datelor/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/de-ce-este-utila-redundata-datelor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Dec 2011 17:07:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hdd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[raid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smartctl]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/?p=2979</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In mai 2008 am montat pe mașina care găzduiește acest site (și nu numai) două hard disc-uri Western Digital de 250GB, SATA 2, configurate să funcționeze în RAID 1 (mirror). După o funcționare  aproape continuă de 30.986 ore ( mai bine de 3 ani), unul din ele este pe patul de moarte. Primul simptom a fost [...]]]></description>
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<p>In <a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/modificari-hardware-server/">mai 2008</a> am montat pe mașina care găzduiește acest site (și nu numai) două hard disc-uri Western Digital de 250GB, SATA 2, configurate să funcționeze în RAID 1 (mirror).<br />
După o funcționare  aproape continuă de 30.986 ore ( mai bine de 3 ani), unul din ele este pe patul de moarte.<br />
Primul simptom a fost dispariția din matricea Raid realizată software și trecerea acesteia în starea &#8220;Degradat&#8221;.</p>
<p>Adevarul este că ambele disc-uri au rulat la temperaturi destul de mari, masina fiind amplasată într-un mediu fără climatizare. Mi-au rămas așadar datele importante pe un singur disc în acest moment, lucru care mă deranjează. Trebuie să achiziționez în viitorul apropiat două discuri SATA 2 pentru a avea redundanța datelor.</p>
<p>În acest moment smartctl indică:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar SE16 Serial ATA family
Device Model:     WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0
Serial Number:    WD-WCANKM102446
Firmware Version: 02.01C03
User Capacity:    250,059,350,016 bytes
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   7
ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is:    Sun Dec  4 18:55:47 2011 EET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
<strong>SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!</strong>
<strong>Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.</strong>
<strong>See vendor-specific Attribute list for failed Attributes.</strong></pre>
<pre></pre>
<pre>SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            235   188   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       3233
  4 Start_Stop_Count        100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       127
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   104   104   140    Pre-fail  Always   FAILING_NOW 763
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          058   058   000    Old_age   Always       -       30986
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 100   100   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       127
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 063   037   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 37
194 Temperature_Celsius     113   087   000    Old_age   Always       -       37
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       15166
197 Current_Pending_Sector  200   182   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   200   182   000    Old_age   Offline      -       3
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   160   001   051    Pre-fail  Offline  In_the_past 1351</pre>
<pre></pre>
<pre>SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 64 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
        CR = Command Register [HEX]
        FR = Features Register [HEX]
        SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
        SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
        CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
        CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
        DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
        DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
        ER = Error register [HEX]
        ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 64 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 30727 hours (1280 days + 7 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was doing SMART Offline or Self-test.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  04 51 00 00 00 00 e0

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:05:36.920  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  c8 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.505  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 80 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.504  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 10 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.502  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 02 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.501  READ DMA

Error 63 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 30727 hours (1280 days + 7 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  04 61 01 00 00 00 e0  Device Fault; Error: ABRT 1 sectors at LBA = 0x00000000 = 0

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.505  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 80 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.504  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 10 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.502  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 02 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.501  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.500  READ DMA</pre>
<pre>Error 62 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 30727 hours (1280 days + 7 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  04 61 01 80 00 00 e0  Device Fault; Error: ABRT 1 sectors at LBA = 0x00000080 = 128

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 01 80 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.504  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 10 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.502  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 02 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.501  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.500  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 40 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.498  READ DMA

Error 61 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 30727 hours (1280 days + 7 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  04 61 01 10 00 00 e0  Device Fault; Error: ABRT 1 sectors at LBA = 0x00000010 = 16

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 01 10 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.502  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 02 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.501  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.500  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 40 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.498  READ DMA
  c8 00 10 00 02 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.497  READ DMA

Error 60 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 30727 hours (1280 days + 7 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  04 61 01 02 00 00 e0  Device Fault; Error: ABRT 1 sectors at LBA = 0x00000002 = 2

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 01 02 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.501  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.500  READ DMA
  c8 00 01 40 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.498  READ DMA
  c8 00 10 00 02 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.497  READ DMA
  c8 00 10 00 00 00 00 00   3d+02:01:23.495  READ DMA</pre>
<pre>SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.</pre>
<pre></pre>
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		<title>Upgrade hardware</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/upgrade-hardware/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/upgrade-hardware/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jun 2011 15:39:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hard-disk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hardware]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[memorie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[server]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/?p=2538</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dupa upgrade-ul din luna noiembrie 2010, astăzi am mai adăugat memorie pe serverul care deservește acest  website (și nu numai). Am completat astfel cu un Kit Dual Channel Kingston 4GB (2 x 2048 MB), DDR3, 1333MHz, ValueRam. Acum configurația sistemului arată în modul următor: Placa de baza MSI 880GM-E41, socket AM3 Procesor AMD Athlon II [...]]]></description>
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<p>Dupa upgrade-ul din luna noiembrie 2010, astăzi am mai adăugat memorie pe serverul care deservește acest  website (și nu numai).</p>
<p>Am completat astfel cu un <a href="http://profitshare.emag.ro/click.php?ad_client=477dca1fb2c0a71a5471ef639b131f3c&amp;add_id=100629&amp;redirect=memorii/kit-dual-channel-kingston-4gb-2-x-2048-mb-ddr3-1333mhz-valueram--pKVR1333D3N9K24G">Kit Dual Channel Kingston 4GB (2 x 2048 MB), DDR3, 1333MHz, ValueRam</a><img style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" src="http://profitshare.emag.ro/link_track.php?ad_client=477dca1fb2c0a71a5471ef639b131f3c&amp;add_id=100629" border="0" alt="" width="1" height="1" />.<br />
Acum configurația sistemului arată în modul următor:</p>
<ul>
<li>Placa de baza <strong>MSI 880GM-E41</strong>, socket AM3</li>
<li>Procesor <strong>AMD Athlon II X4 640 Quad Core</strong>, 3000MHz, socket AM3, Box</li>
<li><strong>2 buc x Kit Dual Channel Kingston 4GB </strong>(2 x 2048 MB), DDR3, 1333MHz, ValueRam</li>
<li><strong>2 buc x HDD Samsung Spinpoint F3 1TB</strong>, 7200 rpm, 32MB, SATA 2, HD103SJ 1AJ10001</li>
<li><strong>2 buc x HDD Western Digital 250GB</strong>, 7500 rpm, SATA2, WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0</li>
</ul>
<p>Bineînțeles că rulează freebsd:</p>
<p>FreeBSD master.bogdanturcanu.ro 8.1-STABLE FreeBSD 8.1-STABLE #0: Sat Dec 11 20:30:48 EET 2010     root@new.netcom-activ.ro:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MASTER  amd64</p>
<pre>Copyright (c) 1992-2010 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
FreeBSD 8.1-STABLE #0: Sat Dec 11 20:30:48 EET 2010
    root@new.netcom-activ.ro:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MASTER amd64
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
CPU: AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 640 Processor (3000.14-MHz K8-class CPU)
  Origin = "AuthenticAMD"  Id = 0x100f53  Family = 10  Model = 5  Stepping = 3
  Features=0x178bfbff
  Features2=0x802009
  AMD Features=0xee500800
  AMD Features2=0x37ff
  TSC: P-state invariant
real memory  = 8589934592 (8192 MB)
avail memory = 8217202688 (7836 MB)
ACPI APIC Table: &lt;7623MS A7623200&gt;
FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor System Detected: 4 CPUs
FreeBSD/SMP: 1 package(s) x 4 core(s)
 cpu0 (BSP): APIC ID:  0
 cpu1 (AP): APIC ID:  1
 cpu2 (AP): APIC ID:  2
 cpu3 (AP): APIC ID:  3
ACPI Warning: Optional field Pm2ControlBlock has zero address or length: 0x0000000000000000/0x1 (20100331/tbfadt-655)
ioapic0  irqs 0-23 on motherboard
kbd1 at kbdmux0
acpi0: &lt;7623MS A7623200&gt; on motherboard
acpi0: [ITHREAD]
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
acpi0: reservation of fee00000, 1000 (3) failed
acpi0: reservation of ffb80000, 80000 (3) failed
acpi0: reservation of fec10000, 20 (3) failed
acpi0: reservation of 0, a0000 (3) failed
acpi0: reservation of 100000, dfe00000 (3) failed
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
acpi_timer0: &lt;32-bit timer at 3.579545MHz&gt; port 0x808-0x80b on acpi0
cpu0:  on acpi0
cpu1:  on acpi0
cpu2:  on acpi0
cpu3:  on acpi0
acpi_hpet0:  iomem 0xfed00000-0xfed003ff on acpi0
Timecounter "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 900
pcib0:  port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0:  on pcib0
pcib1:  at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1:  on pcib1
vgapci0:  port 0xd000-0xd0ff mem 0xfc000000-0xfdffffff,0xfeaf0000-0xfeafffff,0xfe900000-0xfe9fffff irq 18 at device 5.0 on pci1
pci1:  at device 5.1 (no driver attached)
pcib2:  irq 17 at device 5.0 on pci0
pci2:  on pcib2
alc0:  port 0xe800-0xe87f mem 0xfebc0000-0xfebfffff irq 17 at device 0.0 on pci2
alc0: 15872 Tx FIFO, 15360 Rx FIFO
alc0: Using 1 MSI message(s).
miibus0:  on alc0
atphy0:  PHY 0 on miibus0
atphy0:  10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT-FDX, auto
alc0: Ethernet address: 6c:62:6d:69:37:ff
alc0: [FILTER]
atapci0:  port 0xc000-0xc007,0xb000-0xb003,0xa000-0xa007,0x9000-0x9003,0x8000-0x800f mem 0xfe8ffc00-0xfe8fffff irq 22 at device 17.0 on pci0
atapci0: [ITHREAD]
atapci0: AHCI v1.10 controller with 6 3Gbps ports, PM supported
ata2:  on atapci0
ata2: [ITHREAD]
ata3:  on atapci0
ata3: [ITHREAD]
ata4:  on atapci0
ata4: [ITHREAD]
ata5:  on atapci0
ata5: [ITHREAD]
ata6:  on atapci0
ata6: [ITHREAD]
ata7:  on atapci0
ata7: [ITHREAD]
ohci0:  mem 0xfe8fe000-0xfe8fefff irq 16 at device 18.0 on pci0
ohci0: [ITHREAD]
usbus0:  on ohci0
ohci1:  mem 0xfe8fd000-0xfe8fdfff irq 16 at device 18.1 on pci0
ohci1: [ITHREAD]
usbus1:  on ohci1
ehci0:  mem 0xfe8ff800-0xfe8ff8ff irq 17 at device 18.2 on pci0
ehci0: [ITHREAD]
usbus2: EHCI version 1.0
usbus2:  on ehci0
ohci2:  mem 0xfe8fc000-0xfe8fcfff irq 18 at device 19.0 on pci0
ohci2: [ITHREAD]
usbus3:  on ohci2
ohci3:  mem 0xfe8f7000-0xfe8f7fff irq 18 at device 19.1 on pci0
ohci3: [ITHREAD]
usbus4:  on ohci3
ehci1:  mem 0xfe8ff400-0xfe8ff4ff irq 19 at device 19.2 on pci0
ehci1: [ITHREAD]
usbus5: EHCI version 1.0
usbus5:  on ehci1
pci0:  at device 20.0 (no driver attached)
atapci1:  port 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0xff00-0xff0f at device 20.1 on pci0
ata0:  on atapci1
ata0: [ITHREAD]
isab0:  at device 20.3 on pci0
isa0:  on isab0
pcib3:  at device 20.4 on pci0
pci3:  on pcib3
ohci4:  mem 0xfe8f6000-0xfe8f6fff irq 18 at device 20.5 on pci0
ohci4: [ITHREAD]
usbus6:  on ohci4
amdtemp0:  on hostb4
acpi_button0:  on acpi0
atrtc0:  port 0x70-0x71 irq 8 on acpi0
uart0: &lt;16550 or compatible&gt; port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
uart0: [FILTER]
uart1: &lt;16550 or compatible&gt; port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0
uart1: [FILTER]
ppc1:  port 0x378-0x37f irq 5 on acpi0
ppc1: Generic chipset (NIBBLE-only) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc1: [ITHREAD]
ppbus0:  on ppc1
plip0:  on ppbus0
plip0: [ITHREAD]
lpt0:  on ppbus0
lpt0: [ITHREAD]
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
ppi0:  on ppbus0
acpi_hpet1:  iomem 0xfed00000-0xfed003ff on acpi0
device_attach: acpi_hpet1 attach returned 12
atkbdc0:  port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0:  irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
atkbd0: [ITHREAD]
orm0:  at iomem 0xc0000-0xcefff on isa0
sc0:  at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA &lt;16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300&gt;
vga0:  at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
ppc0: cannot reserve I/O port range
acpi_throttle0:  on cpu0
hwpstate0:  on cpu0
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
ipfw2 (+ipv6) initialized, divert enabled, nat loadable, rule-based forwarding enabled, default to accept, logging disabled
load_dn_sched dn_sched FIFO loaded
load_dn_sched dn_sched PRIO loaded
load_dn_sched dn_sched QFQ loaded
load_dn_sched dn_sched RR loaded
load_dn_sched dn_sched WF2Q+ loaded
usbus0: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus1: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus2: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0
usbus3: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus4: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus5: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0
usbus6: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
ad4: 238475MB  at ata2-master UDMA100 SATA 3Gb/s
ugen0.1:  at usbus0
uhub0:  on usbus0
ugen1.1:  at usbus1
uhub1:  on usbus1
ugen2.1:  at usbus2
uhub2:  on usbus2
ugen3.1:  at usbus3
uhub3:  on usbus3
ugen4.1:  at usbus4
uhub4:  on usbus4
ugen5.1:  at usbus5
uhub5:  on usbus5
ugen6.1:  at usbus6
uhub6:  on usbus6
ad6: 238475MB  at ata3-master UDMA100 SATA 3Gb/s
GEOM_MIRROR: Device mirror/gm0 launched (1/2).
GEOM_MIRROR: Device gm0: rebuilding provider ad6.
ad8: 953869MB  at ata4-master UDMA100 SATA 3Gb/s
ad10: 953869MB  at ata5-master UDMA100 SATA 3Gb/s
uhub6: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub0: 3 ports with 3 removable, self powered
uhub1: 3 ports with 3 removable, self powered
SMP: AP CPU #3 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
SMP: AP CPU #2 Launched!
uhub3: 3 ports with 3 removable, self powered
uhub4: 3 ports with 3 removable, self powered
GEOM: mirror/gm0s1: geometry does not match label (16h,63s != 255h,63s).
GEOM_MIRROR: Device mirror/gm1 launched (2/2).
GEOM: mirror/gm1s1: geometry does not match label (16h,63s != 255h,63s).
GEOM: ufsid/4d25f22ff981ce54: geometry does not match label (16h,63s != 255h,63s).
Root mount waiting for: usbus5 usbus2
Root mount waiting for: usbus5 usbus2
uhub2: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered
uhub5: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered</pre>
<p>Ca și servicii care rulează pe mașina avem:<br />
- server web (apache);<br />
- server mysql;<br />
- server email (SMTP, IMAP) cu filtre antispam (postfix, courier, amavis);<br />
- server DNS (bind)<br />
- server VPN PPTP (poptop);<br />
- server NTP;<br />
- server FTP (pureftpd);<br />
- server de file sharing (samba);<br />
- firewall (ipfw)<br />
- monitorizare prin SNMP.
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>FreeBSD&#8211;reducere timp meniu boot-loader</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsdreducere-timp-meniu-boot-loader/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsdreducere-timp-meniu-boot-loader/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 May 2011 07:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[boot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tutoriale]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[La pornirea sistemului de operare FreeBSD întâmpinăm de fiecare date meniul boot-loader-ului, meniu afișat pentru zece secunde. Putem trece peste acest meniu mai repede apăsând tasta Enter sau alegând o opțiune din cele afișate pe ecran. In cazul în care sistemul este unul care nu dispune de monitor sau/și tastatură, putem scădea acest timp pentru [...]]]></description>
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<p>La pornirea sistemului de operare <a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/tag/freebsd/" target="_blank">FreeBSD</a> întâmpinăm de fiecare date meniul boot-loader-ului, meniu afișat pentru zece secunde. Putem trece peste acest meniu mai repede apăsând tasta <em>Enter</em> sau alegând o opțiune din cele afișate pe ecran. In cazul în care sistemul este unul care nu dispune de monitor sau/și tastatură, putem scădea acest timp pentru a reduce timpul de boot al sistemului. Pentru a realiza acest lucru se introduce în fișierul:
<p><strong>/boot/loader.conf</strong></p>
<p>următoare linie:</p>
<p><strong>autoboot_delay=&quot;3&quot;</strong></p>
<p>unde 3 reprezintă numărul de secunde cât va fi afișat acest meniu.</p>
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		<title>Postfix&#8211;cum să trimitem mesajele cu &#238;nt&#226;rziere</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/postfix-cum-sa-trimitem-mesajele-cu-intarziere/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/postfix-cum-sa-trimitem-mesajele-cu-intarziere/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Mar 2011 08:23:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[email]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[postfix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rate limit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tutoriale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yahoo]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Dacă avem nevoie să trimitem mail-uri către multe conturi de yahoo (de exemplu newsletters) vom constata că livrarea acestora va fi temporar blocată de către serverele yahoo. Putem rezolva acest inconvenient setând serverul propriu de email să trimită mesajele cu o anumită frecventă, nu imediat unul după celălalt. In cazul în care folosim postfix, adăugăm [...]]]></description>
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<p>Dacă avem nevoie să trimitem mail-uri către multe conturi de yahoo (de exemplu newsletters) vom constata că livrarea acestora va fi temporar blocată de către serverele yahoo.</p>
<p>Putem rezolva acest inconvenient setând serverul propriu de email să trimită mesajele cu o anumită frecventă, nu imediat unul după celălalt.</p>
<p>In cazul în care folosim postfix, adăugăm în fișierul de configurare main.cf următoarele linii:</p>
<p>default_transport = smtp&#160; <br />relay_transport = smtp&#160; <br />smtp_destination_rate_delay = 120s </p>
<p>În acest mod serverul nostru va trimite următorul mesaj din coadă după 120 de secunde de la ultimul mesaj trimis.</p>
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		<title>FreeBSD&#8211;Server FTP cu SSL/TLS si utilizatori virtuali</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsdserver-ftp-cu-ssltls-si-utilizatori-virtuali/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsdserver-ftp-cu-ssltls-si-utilizatori-virtuali/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 19:12:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ftp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pureftpd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tutoriale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[utilizatori virtuali]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[În mod normal folosesc SCP pentru transferul fișierelor pe serverele mele, sau, foarte rar, activez pentru o scurta perioada de timp ftpd din /etc/inetd.conf. Se întâmplă să fie necesar să asigurăm pe mașina respectivă accesul prin protocolul FTP pentru mai mulți utilizatori, fiecare cu acces în directorul propriu. Doar pentru acest lucru nu are nici [...]]]></description>
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<p>În mod normal folosesc SCP pentru transferul fișierelor pe serverele mele, sau, foarte rar, activez pentru o scurta perioada de timp <em>ftpd</em> din /etc/<em>inetd.conf</em>.    <br />Se întâmplă să fie necesar să asigurăm pe mașina respectivă accesul prin protocolul FTP pentru mai mulți utilizatori, fiecare cu acces în directorul propriu. Doar pentru acest lucru nu are nici un rost să adăugăm utilizatori pe sistem ci putem folosi utilizatori virtuali. Bineînțeles că dorim ca aceștia să realizeze o conexiune sigură, fără riscul de a li intercepta datele (în special cele de autentificare) pe traseul dintre PC-ul lor și server. Pentru asta vom folosi SSL/TLS.    <br />Am testat și am în producție o soluție care răspunde cerințelor de mai sus folosind ca și server FTP software-ul <a href="http://www.pureftpd.org/project/pure-ftpd" target="_blank">pureftpd</a>, instalat pe <a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/tag/freebsd/">freeBSD</a>, din porturi.    <br />Începem:</p>
<p><strong>cd /usr/ports/ftp/pure-ftpd/     <br />make &amp;&amp; make install &amp;&amp; make clean</strong></p>
<p>Opțiunile de compilare le alegeți în funcție de necesități, eu am mers pe varianta fără suport LDAP, PostgreeSQL dar&#160; cu suport <em>MySQL</em>, PAM, <em>TLS</em>.    <br />După instalare, urmează partea frumoasă, de configurare. Pornim de la fișierul exemplu pe care îl adaptăm necesităților:</p>
<p><strong>cp /usr/local/etc/pure-ftpd.conf.sample /usr/local/etc/pure-ftpd.conf     <br />chmod 644 /usr/local/etc/pure-ftpd.conf</strong></p>
<p>Fișierul meu arată în modul următor:</p>
<p><strong>ChrootEveryone&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; yes     <br />BrokenClientsCompatibility&#160; no      <br />MaxClientsNumber&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 10      <br />Daemonize&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; yes      <br />MaxClientsPerIP&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 5      <br />VerboseLog&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />DisplayDotFiles&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; yes      <br />AnonymousOnly&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />NoAnonymous&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; yes      <br />SyslogFacility&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; ftp      <br />DontResolve&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; yes      <br />MaxIdleTime&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 15      <br />MySQLConfigFile&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; /usr/local/etc/pureftpd-mysql.conf      <br />AnonymousCanCreateDirs&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />Umask&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 133:022      <br />MinUID&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 100      <br />AllowUserFXP&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />AllowAnonymousFXP&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />ProhibitDotFilesWrite&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />ProhibitDotFilesRead&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />AutoRename&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />AnonymousCantUpload&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />CreateHomeDir&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; no      <br />MaxDiskUsage&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 99      <br />TLS&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 2</strong></p>
<p>După cum se observa din fișierul de configurare vom stoca datele despre utilizatori într-o bază de date MySQL și vom permite conectarea acestora doar daca folosesc SSL/TLS.   <br />Următorul pas este să generăm certificatele pentru conexiunea securizată:    <br /><strong>mkdir –p /etc/ssl/private     <br />openssl req –x509 –nodes –newkey rsa:1024 –keyout /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem –out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem      <br />chmod 600 /etc/ssl/private/*.pem      <br /></strong>Avem nevoie în continuare de o baza de date în care să stocăm informațiile despre utilizatorii virtuali. Vom crea baza de date <em>ftpdb</em> și un utilzator mysql <em>ftpdbuser</em> cu parola <em>ftpdbpass</em>, care se poate conecta de pe <em>localhost</em> și are drepturi depline la această bază de date:    <br /><strong>mysql –u root –p     <br />CREATE DATABASE ftpdb;      <br />GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ftpdb.* to </strong><strong>‘</strong><strong>ftpdbuser’@’localhost</strong><strong>’</strong><strong> IDENTIFIED BY ‘ftpdbpass’;     <br />FLUSH PRIVILEGES;      <br />quit;      <br /></strong>Pentru stocarea datelor avem nevoie de un tabel, pe care îl creem cu structura de mai jos:    <br /><strong>mysql –u root –p     <br />USE ftpdb;      <br />CREATE TABLE ftpd (      <br />User varchar(16) NOT NULL default ”,      <br />status enum(’0′,’1′) NOT NULL default ’0′,      <br />Password varchar(64) NOT NULL default ”,      <br />Uid varchar(11) NOT NULL default ‘-1′,      <br />Gid varchar(11) NOT NULL default ‘-1′,      <br />Dir varchar(128) NOT NULL default ”,      <br />ULBandwidth smallint(5) NOT NULL default ’0′,      <br />DLBandwidth smallint(5) NOT NULL default ’0′,      <br />comment tinytext NOT NULL,      <br />ipaccess varchar(15) NOT NULL default ‘*’,      <br />QuotaSize smallint(5) NOT NULL default ’0′,      <br />QuotaFiles int(11) NOT NULL default 0,      <br />PRIMARY KEY (User),      <br />UNIQUE KEY User (User)      <br />) ENGINE=MyISAM;      <br />quit;</strong>    <br />Atentie, daca folosiți o versiune mai veche a serverului MySQL va fi cazul să înlocuiți <em>ENGINE</em> cu <em>TYPE</em>.    <br />Ținând cont că utilizatorii noștri sunt virtuali, trebuie să definim un grup și un utilizator de sistem pentru a putea aloca drepturi de scriere în sistemul de fișiere, rulând următoarele comenzi în terminal/consolă:    <br /><strong>pw groupadd ftpgroup     <br />pw useradd ftpusers –c “Virtual FTP Users” –g ftpgroup –d /dev/null –s /sbin/nologin      <br /></strong>Verificăm ce UID și GID au fost alocate de către sistem utilizatorului <em>ftpusers</em> și grupului <em>ftpgroup</em> consultând fișierele <em>/etc/group</em> și <em>/etc/passwd</em> sau, mai simplu, folosind comanda <em>id</em>:    <br /><strong>id ftpusers     <br /></strong>care a returnat în cazul meu:    <br /><strong>uid=1002(ftpusers) gid=1001(ftpgroup) groups=1001(ftpgroup)     <br /></strong>Vom introduce în baza de date informațiile despre utilizatori, de exemplu:    <br /><strong>mysql –u root –p     <br />use ftpdb;      <br />INSERT INTO `ftpd` (`User`, `status`, `Password`, `Uid`, `Gid`, `Dir`, `ULBandwidth`, `DLBandwidth`, `comment`, `ipaccess`, `QuotaSize`, `QuotaFiles`) VALUES (‘utilizatortest’, ’1′, MD5(‘parolatest’), ’1001′, ’1002′, ‘/data/director_utilizator’, ’400′, ’800′, ”, ‘*’, ’150′, ’0′);      <br />quit;</strong>    <br />Avem acum utilizatorul <em>utilizatortest</em> cu parola <em>parolatest</em>, status <em>1</em>, ce semnifica faptul că este activ contul, UID <em>1001</em> și GID <em>1002</em> (atentie, trebuie să fie cele obținute mai sus), cu directorul radacina <em>/data/director_utilizator</em>, viteza maxima de upload <em>400KB/sec</em> (kilo-octeti pe secunda) si viteza maxima de download <em>800KB/s</em>. Spatiul maxim pe care il pot ocupa toate fișierele pe care le pune pe server este de <em>150MB</em>.    <br />Ce a mai rămas? Păi trebuie să configurăm în continuare serviciul pureftpd pentru folosirea informațiilor din baza de date. Fișierul meu arată în felul următor:    <br /><strong>MYSQLServer&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 127.0.0.1     <br />MYSQLPort&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 3306      <br />MYSQLUser&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; ftpdbuser      <br />MYSQLPassword&#160;&#160; ftpdbpass      <br />MYSQLDatabase&#160;&#160; ftpdb      <br />MYSQLCrypt&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; md5      <br />MYSQLGetPW&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; SELECT Password FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)      <br />MYSQLGetUID&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; SELECT Uid FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)      <br />MYSQLGetUID&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; SELECT Uid FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)MYSQLGetGID&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; SELECT Gid FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)MYSQLGetDir&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; SELECT Dir FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)MySQLGetBandwidthUL SELECT ULBandwidth FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)      <br />MySQLGetBandwidthDL SELECT DLBandwidth FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)      <br />MySQLGetQTASZ&#160;&#160; SELECT QuotaSize FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)      <br />MySQLGetQTAFS&#160;&#160; SELECT QuotaFiles FROM ftpd WHERE User=&quot;\L&quot; AND status=&quot;1&quot; AND (ipaccess = &quot;*&quot; OR ipaccess LIKE &quot;\R&quot;)      <br /></strong>Vom crea directorul <em>/data/director_utilizator</em> și îi vom da permisiunile necesare pentru a putea fi folosit:    <br /><strong>mkidr /data/director_utilizator     <br />chown ftpusers:ftpgroup /data/director_utilizator      <br /></strong>Scriem în fișierul <em>/etc/rc.conf</em> următoarea linie:    <br /><strong>pureftpd_enable=&quot;YES&quot;     <br /></strong>și pornim serviciul:    <br /><strong>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/pure-ftpd start     <br /></strong>Acum ar trebui să avetm totul funcțional. NU uitați să activați <strong><u>opțiunea SSL în clientul de FTP</u></strong>, altfel nu va puteți conecta.</p>
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		<title>FreeBSD&#8211;DELL&#8211;citire service tag</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsddellcitire-service-tag/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsddellcitire-service-tag/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Oct 2010 17:05:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[service tag]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tutoriale]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsddellcitire-service-tag/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Fiecare echipament DELL este identificabil printr-un service tag unic. Service tag-ul este un sir de numere si cifre. Astăzi am aflat că există o modalitate de a citi soft acest service tag și in freeBSD, folosind utilitarul dmidecode. Pentru instalare: cd /usr/ports/sysutils/dmidecode make make install make clean Dupa ce l-am instalat putem executa comanda: dmidecode [...]]]></description>
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<p>Fiecare echipament DELL este identificabil printr-un service tag unic. Service tag-ul este un sir de numere si cifre.    <br />Astăzi am aflat că există o modalitate de a citi soft acest service tag și in <a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/tag/freebsd/">freeBSD</a>, folosind utilitarul dmidecode.    <br />Pentru instalare:    <br /><strong>cd /usr/ports/sysutils/dmidecode     <br />make      <br />make install      <br />make clean      <br /></strong>Dupa ce l-am instalat putem executa comanda:    <br /><code><strong>dmidecode -s chassis-serial-number       <br /></strong></code><code>pentru a vedea service tag-ul. Recomand deasemenea <code><strong>dmidecode -s system-product-name         <br /></strong>Rulat fără parametrii, dmidecode afișează toate informațiile despre sistem, incluzând date despre procesoarele instalate, memorii, interfețe etc.</code></code></p>
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		<title>FreeBSD &#8211; eroare mysql</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsd-eroare-mysql/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsd-eroare-mysql/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 26 Sep 2010 11:40:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[baze de date]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tcp wrappers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tutorile]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsd-eroare-mysql/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Am setat o nouă mașina pe care rulează freeBSD. Printre serviciile de care aveam nevoie se numără și MySQL. Instalat, configurat MySQL, adăugat utilizatori, setat drepturi și permisiuni, dar am avut parte de o surpriză: atunci când încercam să mă conectez de pe un alt host primeam, după introducerea parolei, mesajul de eroare: ERROR 2013 [...]]]></description>
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<p>Am setat o nouă mașina pe care rulează <a href="http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/tag/freebsd/">freeBSD</a>. Printre serviciile de care aveam nevoie se numără și MySQL. Instalat, configurat MySQL, adăugat utilizatori, setat drepturi și permisiuni, dar am avut parte de o surpriză: atunci când încercam să mă conectez de pe un alt host primeam, după introducerea parolei, mesajul de eroare:</p>
<p><em>ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server at &#8216;reading initial communication packet&#8217;, system error: 0</em></p>
<p>Săpat câteva minute după soluție și.. problema era în fișierul /etc/hosts.allow. Aveam nevoie acolo de linia:</p>
<p><strong>mysqld: ALL: allow</strong></p>
<p>Done.</p>
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		<title>FreeBSD &#8211; limitari argumente comanda rm</title>
		<link>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsd-limitari-argumente-comanda-rm/</link>
		<comments>http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsd-limitari-argumente-comanda-rm/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Sep 2010 12:50:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bogdan Turcanu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[comenzi unix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stergere fisiere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tutoriale]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bogdanturcanu.ro/freebsd-limitari-argumente-comanda-rm/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Duminica, ca de obicei, m-am apucat să fac un pic de curățenie pe serverele pe care le administrez. Pe un server de mail aveam salvate pe disc în fișiere mail-urile marcate ca și spam și care nu au fost livrate în mailbox la utilizatori. Cum aceste fișiere îmi ocupau spațiul degeaba, am zis să le [...]]]></description>
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<p>Duminica, ca de obicei, m-am apucat să fac un pic de curățenie pe serverele pe care le administrez.    <br />Pe un server de mail aveam salvate pe disc în fișiere mail-urile marcate ca și spam și care nu au fost livrate în mailbox la utilizatori.     <br />Cum aceste fișiere îmi ocupau spațiul degeaba, am zis să le sterg frumos cu:</p>
<p><strong><em>rm –f spam-*</em></strong></p>
<p>Aici am avut o supriză, sistemul mi-a răspuns la comandă cu următorul mesaj:</p>
<p><strong><em>-su: /bin/rm: Argument list too long</em></strong></p>
<p>Minunat. Să vedem câte fișiere al căror nume începe cu “spam-“ sunt de fapt în acest director:</p>
<p><strong><em>ls -l | grep spam | wc -l        <br />&#160; 103930</em></strong></p>
<p>Hmm.. Prea multe pentru comanda <strong>rm</strong>.     <br />O soluție ar fi fost să sterg întreg directorul, dar nu asta voiam. Ca să îmi rezolv problema am apelat la un artificiu, și anume execuția comenzii:</p>
<p><strong>find . -name &#8216;spam-*&#8217; | xargs rm</strong></p>
<p>A funcționat de minune. O altă soluție ca să sterg toate fișierele din acest director, indiferent de numele lor ar fi fost:</p>
<p> <strong>ls | xargs rm</strong>
<p>Câteva resurse care m-au ajutat:   <br /><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;apropos=0&amp;sektion=0&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+8.1-RELEASE&amp;format=html" target="_blank">Comanda find -&#160; FreeBSD man page</a>    <br /><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&amp;apropos=0&amp;sektion=0&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+8.1-RELEASE&amp;format=html" target="_blank">Comanda rm &#8211; FreeBSD man page</a>    <br /><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&amp;apropos=0&amp;sektion=0&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+8.1-RELEASE&amp;format=html" target="_blank">Comanda xargs &#8211; FreeBSD man pages</a></p>
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